II.   Life

Regeneration of tissue and organs is the process of new cells replacing old organ or tissue cells either as part of the normal physiology of the body, or as repair to particular injury.

As the normal lifespan of standard tissue cells and most organ cells are less than the normal lifespan of most multi-cellular organisms, the vast majority of multi-cellular organisms possess a degree of regenerative capability.

There are three (3) forms of cellular regeneration being Chromosomal, Neural and Gene Phase:

(i) Chromosomal Regeneration is regulated by the telomere ends of chromosomes which limit the number of regenerations of particular cells, allowing autonomous cell regulation concerning regeneration throughout the body of an organism; and

(ii) Neural Regeneration is regulated by the formation of generic somatic cells called “blastomere” cells which are directed to areas of injury and repair where they undertake a localized Gene Phase development into specific forms of cells; and

(iii) Gene Phase Regeneration is the expression of cellular generation, usually at a body or body system level (unless blastomere cells) whereby a whole body part may be regenerated through specialized gene expression.

In Complex Life forms Gene Phase Regeneration and the available number of blastomere cells capable of being produced by the body significantly limits major regeneration of injured limbs, organs or tissues. However, technology enables this process to be supplemented, particularly with the harvesting and reintroduction of blastomere cells.