II.   Instruments & Transactions

Tax and Taxation is a formal system of involuntary revenue generation first introduced in the 18th Century through the Vatican-Westminster “Jus Patronatus” alliance of claimed ecclesiastical and moral authority and then deliberately and falsely claimed from earlier provenance. Through deliberately false and fraudulent alteration of statutes of the 18th Century, Tax and Taxation was claimed essentially “donated” ecclesiastical fees for the granting of some form of dispensation (indulgence) to perform an act otherwise considered “sinful”.  Such “revenue streams” of Taxes and Taxation were then attached as “surety” for government loans to private banks and wealthy lenders and later as the guaranteed performance payments on Government Annuities, Bonds and Debentures. Thus, from the beginning, Taxes and Taxation was not intended to directly fund government, but indirectly through the surety and repayment associated with such instruments as Annuities issued against the lives of citizens as slaves and chattel.

The term “Tax” is derived directly from the Latin term Taxo meaning literally "value; or assessment; or rate" in referring to the Roman system of assessing the value of the land and the profitable use of the land and applying a once off levy:

(i) Unlike the term Tax introduced in Great Britain in the 18th Century, the Latin origin of the word (Taxo) never associated the poor people on the land as livestock or animals and treated the assessment of slaves separately. Under the use of the term “Land” under Westminster law since the 17th Century, poor people are considered less than slaves and nothing more than livestock; and

(ii) The concept and term "Rate" parallels the introduction of the Corporate Securities Taxation System and refers to the sum assessed or made payable by a body having local jurisdiction over the district in which the person on whom the rate is assessed dwells or has property; and

(iii) Rates are almost always assessed in respect of the enjoyment or occupation of real property in proportion to its value and when a person has such an occupation of property as to be liable to payment of rates; and

(iii) It is only the beneficial occupation which is rateable and therefore in arriving at the value of it, repairs, insurance and other necessary outgoings are supposed to be allowed to be deducted.

Since the invention of the Taxation System under the Pirate Merchant Elite Laws of Great Britain, almost all subsequent Tax systems have possessed the following common elements Land Claim, Court Roll, Tax Roll, Period or Fund, Tax Levy and Fund Conditions, Privateer Collectors and Security Owners:

(i) Land Claim is the first common element of all Taxation Systems, whereby the executive government claims control, custody and jurisdiction over the earth and the people as property, animals and things, not as citizens or men and women; and

(ii) Court Roll is the second element whereby persons are listed on a Roll as where they live and work, the type of tenancy they possess, with the highest land owners as tenants of the Crown and the poorest as wards; and

(iii) Tax Roll is the third element being a subset of the Court Roll listing the property owners liable for the payment of the levy or duty to be paid; and

(iv) The Period or Fund is the period of time (usually one year) in which the particular Tax is to be raised and attributed to the Fund; and

(iv) The Tax Levy is the assessed levy or duty to be paid; and

(v) The Fund Conditions are the conditions by which money is borrowed against the guaranteed income stream and at what rate of interest; and

(vi) Privateer Collectors are commercial agents hired by the Security Owners or Government to collect the revenues and deposit them with a Central Bank acting on behalf of the Security Owners. Increasingly, Private Collectors have become more militarized and violent in their methods to collect revenues; and

(vii) Security Owners are the owners of the underlying Securities against which the borrowings of the Fund took place (eg Annuities, Bonds or Debentures etc) and who technically own the revenue stream.

While various forms of revenues have existed since the earliest civilizations, in reference to the origin of Taxes within modern Corporate Securities model:

(i) The first proper use of the term Tax to describe a type of duty/levy/excise in Great Britain was in 1760 (1Geo3.c.2) in the 1st year of the reign of George 3rd as surety for a yearly Fund of £2million, borrowing from private investors at 4% per annum, using a levy imposed upon major county, town and borough corporations holding Poor Rolls of people as animals and slaves as underwriting. While the levy was on the value of the larger estate holdings and not strictly a rent of the poor as slaves and animals, the effect of the Land Tax encouraged further mass murder, starvation and clearing of the last smaller self-sufficient villagers who had held their land for thousands of years, to make way for merchant farming and grazing; and

(ii) A second fund was created in 1761 (2Geo3.c.3) for a similar amount (£2million) placing greater stress on corporate towns, counties and boroughs and major noble land holders to push able bodied poor into employment of county/city factory workhouses and starve and kill the excess “useless population”; and

(iii) From 1762 to 1773 saw a repeat of individual yearly funds being created, using levies to underwrite annual borrowings. However, the Enclosure Act of 1773, provided unprecedented flexibility of nobles to be exonerated for their actions and encourage the expulsion of all “useless” self sufficient poor villagers who refused to be slaves to the new corporate industrial model; and

(iv) From 1776, the rate of the levy for each individual year and Fund increased until the system of Land Tax was phased out with the introduction of Income Duties in 1798 and an extraordinary series of acts beginning with (38Geo3.c.6) then (38Geo3_c108) and (39Geo3.c.6) and (39Geo3.c.21) whereby corporate counties, towns, boroughs could “sell” their tax rolls as an asset for collection by a commercial agent (such as the Bank of England or another) and receive redemptions against their own tax liability; and

(v) From 1798, saw the emergence of Income Duties in addition to the continuation of Custom Duties and Stamp Duties as well as other Excise collections; and

(vi) In 1834, the Board of Taxes and the Board of Stamps were merged through the Land Tax Act (1834) and by 1849, the Board of Inland Revenue was created through the Inland Revenue Board Act 1849 after the Board of Excise and the Board of Stamps and Taxes were amalgamated. In 1909, Customs merged to created the Board of Customs and Excise and in 2004, all revenues were combined to create HM Revenue and Customs.

The use of the term “Tax” or “Taxation” to describe the total revenues of a body politic, or society is relatively recent (since the 20th Century) and refers to three facts:

(i) Virtually all revenue raising is focused only on involuntary revenue with no accounting or value or transparency for such demands, usually through power and force by private corporate firms against the best interests of the people whom the government of a society is there to serve; and

(ii) Revenue collection has been centralized and privatized (sold to corporate interests) in most countries; and

(iii) Most societies remain hostage to powerful Western-Roman financial firms that have forced governments for decades to derive their revenue from a highly inefficient and corrupt system involving (a) borrowings via corporate securities, (b) underwritten by annuities against the population, while (c) the majority of revenue then raised supports the repayment of interest against the borrowings, premiums and dividends for the corporate security owners and commissions for the finance firms.

Under the modern Taxation system involving global banking interests and private revenue collection, upwards of 30% to 50% of the real revenue of many societies is being stolen by private interests every day of every month of every year with the tacit consent of the political/merchant/media elite:

(i) The corporate securities used as the vehicle to force countries and nations to borrow normally carry huge commissions to the firms creating them, meaning vast amounts of real wealth is stripped out of the nation into private hands; and

(ii) Many of these same corporate securities are required to be traded in order to raise borrowings, causing further deflation in real value when they are discounted in relation to their face value; and

(iii) The interest payments on such corporate securities are now usually associated with amortization schedules so that the real rate of interest can be substantially higher than the agreed terms and over much longer periods, causing a debt or borrowing spiral and greater dependence on the banks; and

(iv) The private revenue collection agencies masquerading as tax offices have increasingly been restructured in partnership with major financial firms so that higher commissions are paid for more aggressive revenue raising by privateers under letters of marque.

The corruption, cronyism, and inefficiency of modern taxation systems controlled by global banking and private corporate interests has cause a revenue crisis in even some of the wealthiest countries of the world, whereby they cannot raise enough revenue to pay for the commissions and demands of global bankers and special private interests. In less wealthy countries, many global banks and special interests have succeeded in tricking the populations to accept cruel and unnecessary austerity measures to force the population to maintain the status quo, rather than expel the international banks and corrupt special interests and save their societies.

As modern Taxation Systems are entirely based upon Involuntary Revenue through the use of force, intimidation, threat and punishment, Taxes may be classified according the same four categories of Involuntary Revenue being Duties, Fines, Alienations or Confiscations:

(i) Duties, also known as Levies and Excise are ransoms forced to be paid when goods or persons are held in custody under threat of violence or intimidation until the ransom is paid. Duties are the largest group of Taxes and includes (but is not limited to) Income Tax, Company Tax, Stamp Duty, Ad Valorum, Sales Tax and Goods and Services Taxes. Contrary to the deliberate falsities and deceptions of the ruling classes, most forms of Duty extraction are privatized so that those who attack the population are nothing more than privateers (licensed pirates) operating under Letters of Marque; and

(ii) Fines are penalties that are supposed to only be issued by a legislative body under authority of the people. Tax revenue from fines has increased dramatically, particularly since the privatization of revenue raising and the tacit permission by the courts and elected officials to permit privateers to demand cruel and unreasonable fines, compound interest demands, without proper process, consideration or right of appeal; and

(iii) Alienations is when rights to property are removed by legislative, judicial or executive orders, with no fair right to compensation, appeal, relief or remedy. Since the full privatization of government revenue in most societies, alienations along with rampant theft as “confiscations” have been the biggest sources of revenue for private mercenaries acting as tax collectors. Alienations include bank account liens, garnish orders, inheritance taxes and probate, capital gains tax and benefits taxes; and

(iv) Confiscations is when property is stolen under pseudo orders and usually under threat or actual violence. Many major private tax collecting agencies have succeeded in boosting their firepower to intimidate and threaten with para military units capable of fully armed raids.

As most tax collection agencies within Western-Roman Systems are now private corporations and NOT statutory bodies:

(i) They do not have the right or authority under statute to issue fines and penalties; and

(ii) They do not have the right to apply liens or inflict such cruelty or violence unless there exists evidence of a contractual agreement and obligation with the party; and

(iii) They can be sued and can have any legitimate injury claims or losses for damages as set-off against such actions.