I.   Introductory Provisions

Certificates are the twenty-sixth of thirty-three (33) Administrative Elements of Trust being formal Documents or "Extracts" of Proof of a definitive, fixed, definite, reliable and certain manner that some act has or has not been done, or some event occurred or some formal decision has been concluded, given under written assurance (certified statement) by valid officers possessing the authority to issue such instruments.

The essential elements of a valid Certificate by tradition are:

(i) The name of the Trust, or Estate or Fund issuing the Certificate and the name of any department, court or division of the body that specifically is issuing the Certificate; and

(ii) The word “CERTIFICATE” as the most prominent word in the heading, or if a special type of Certificate the full name of such type; and

(iii) The Record Number to which the Certificate relates clearly identified as the Record Number or if special to a particular type of Record, then the appropriate name (e.g. File Number); and

(iv) The unique Certificate Number for the Certificate indicating the issue of the document itself is authorized, valid and duly registered and “connected” to the Record Number by being itself “added to the record”; and

(v) Any information “extracted” from the Record is presented within a bordered box to indicate a “window” to the original and valid Record; and

(vi) A sworn or affirmed signed certification that the Certificate and the information contained within it is valid; and

(vii) The official seal of the Trust, or Estate or Fund; and

(viii) If the Certificate is a true copy then a separate sworn or affirmed signed certification that it is a true copy.

The most common Types of Certificates used within the administration of a valid Trust, or Estate or Fund are Title, Acknowledgment, Witness, Authenticity, Acceptance and Receipt:

(i) A Certificate of Title is any valid Certificate that entitles the holder or the named party on the Certificate to claim the benefit of ownership of “Equitable Title” and use of certain property as specified and “extracted” from a valid Record into the Certificate. The most frequent example of a Certificate of Title is a Birth Certificate of an Inferior Roman Person; and

(ii) A Certificate of Acknowledgment (also known as a Certificate of Oath) is any valid Certificate by a party that avows, or swears on sacred oath or affirms before an ecclesiastical officer they have executed an instrument of conveyance by gift, grant, assignment or delegation of their own free will, without threat or coercion and that their sign and seal is genuine; and

(iii) A Certificate of Witness is any valid Certificate by a party that avows, or swears on sacred oath or affirms before an ecclesiastical officer they witnessed an event or act of conveyance and acknowledgment; and

(iv) A Certificate of Authenticity is any valid Certificate by a party that avows, or swears on sacred oath or affirms before an ecclesiastical officer that an object, concept or property or its manifest is authentic, true and correct; and

(v) A Certificate of Acceptance is any valid Certificate by a party that avows, or swears on sacred oath or affirms before an ecclesiastical officer they have received certain goods into their custody, or other valuable consideration offered or tendered by another and that they consent and agree to the obligations and conditions therein; and

(vi) A Certificate of Receipt is any valid Certificate by a party that releases, acquits or discharges another from any further obligation, or agreement or duties as Acknowledgment they have received certain goods or cash into their custody, or other valuable consideration offered or tendered by another. In the absence of a valid Certificate of Receipt, the use of any property conveyed implies acceptance of any obligations attached to it.

When a Certificate is united within the form of some other valid Instrument (such as a Memorandum or Affidavit), the separate element being the Certificate may be identified by the title “Certification” replacing the word “Certificate”.