II.   Sovereign

Pontifex Romanum, also known as the Roman Pontiff, is the formal title of the most senior priest of the entity known as the Collegium Romanum (“Roman College”) first formed in the 11th Century by the pagan heads of the Urbs (communities living on the edges of the ruins of Rome) and through the extraordinary funding of Venetian exile Pietro Leoni and son of exiled King Pietro II Urseolo of Hungary (1041-1047).

The title Pontifex Romanum (Roman Pontiff) is a deliberate 11th Century corruption of the title Pontifex Maximus or “Greatest Pontiff” being the ancient title of high priest of Rome first created in the 5th Century BCE and head of the Roman Death Cult of Magna Marter, the “Great Goddess of the Vatican” and Cybele, the “Mother of Rome”. The title Pontifex Maximus was revived by the “Counts of Tusculum” from the end of the 9th Century who proclaimed themselves as supreme pagan spiritual heads of Rome against the end of the Carolingian Empires control of Rome and before the Saxon Ottonian occupations of Rome from 936 CE.

The conversion from the use of Pontifex Maximus to Pontifex Romanum or “Roman Pontiff” was by pagan Tusculum Urb priest known as Pontifex Maximus Theophylactus, also known as “Hildbrand” in 1057 upon capturing Rome supported by a militia army of at least 20,000 - headed by the Basque miltia leaders Roberto Borja and Rogelio Borja and forces of Pandulf IV of Padua and funded by Venetian exile Pietro Leoni. Hil De Brand had successfully escaped the total annihilation of Tusculum and all its inhabitants by Henry III in 1046 CE and with his miltia army sought revenge upon the Romanum Ecclesia Catholicus (Roman Catholic Church) now controlled by the Saxons:

(i) Theophylactus named himself as “Christian” leader Pontifex Romanum (Roman Pontiff) Gregorius in honor of the title used by his ancestors from the destroyed Urb of Tusculum; and

(ii) Roman Pontiff Gregorius then formed the Collegium Romanum (“Roman College”) with other leading families of the Urbs and parts of Italy proclaiming it to be the first Christian body and only true apostolic “Christian” body; and

(iii) Roman Pontiff Gregorius then claimed to possess the Liber Pontificalis or “Lives of Popes” in opposition of the Liber Vicarius Christi the lives of the Vicars of Christ, whereby the true name of the highest Christian leader was also Pontiff and that St. Peter had been the 1st “Pontiff” not Vicar; and

(iv) Roman Pontiff Gregorius also produced a fraud known as the Dictatus Pontifex or “Dictations of the Pontiff” being twenty seven (27) axiomatic statements whereby he claimed than not only had the Roman Pontiff always been the supreme Christian Leader, but that the Roman College (Collegium Romanum) was the first true Christian Church.

Following the weakening of the defensive position of Rome and Roman Pontiff Gregorius (1057-1084) through the Basque militia army invasion of southern Britain under Roberto Borja in 1066 and Rogelio Borja of Palermo and Sicily by 1072, German Emperor Henry IV invaded Italy by 1084 with a mass army of thirty six thousand (36,000) men, cutting the Borja forces of Roberto and Rogelio in two (2) and recapturing Rome, destroying the army of Roberto and executing the first Roman Pontiff also known as Hil De Brand and all his family.

Both the naming and numbering of Roman Pontiffs has been deliberately and consciously corrupted by the officials of the Roman Death Cult to perpetuate the falsity that the Roman Death Cult is older than the 11th Century and that the true apostolic succession of legitimate Roman Catholic Popes did not exist from the 8th Century until the end of the 15th Century.

From the first formation of the Collegium Romanum (“Roman College”), also known as the Roman Death Cult in the 11th Century, the first nine (9) Roman Pontiffs were self appointed dictators by virtue of hereditary dynasty and claim of right alone, with no election (conclave) nor legitimate recognition, including:

(i) Roman Pontiff Gregorius I (VII) (1057-1084) (Theophylactus of Tusculum) (Rome) ;and

(ii) Roman Pontiff Victor I (III) (1086-1087) (Landalf of Benevento) (in exile in Benevento) ;and

(iii) Roman Pontiff Urbanus I (II) (1088-1098) (Zotto, son of Landalf of Benevento) (in exile leading crusades) ;and

(iv) Roman Pontiff Leo I (1098-1101) (Theodoic, son of Zotto of Benevento) (in exile leading crusades) ;and

(v) Roman Pontiff Callixtus I (II) (1119-1130) (Pietro II Leoni Orsini, son of Pietro Leoni the “Merchant of Venice” and financial founder of Roman Death Cult) (Rome) ;and

(vi) Roman Pontiff Innocens I (II) (1130-1143) (Pietro III Leoni Orsini, son of Pietro II Leoni) (in exile in Sicily) ;and

(vii) Roman Pontiff Alexander I (III) (1168-1187) (Pietro Orseolo, son of Pietro III Leoni) (in exile in Sicily) ;and

(viii) Roman Pontiff Gregorius II (VIII) (1187-1198) (Giacinto Orsini, son of Pietro Orseolo) (in exile in Sicily) ;and

(ix) Roman Pontiff Innocens II (III) (1198-1216) (in exile) (Lotario Savelli di Conti, related to Orsini and Counts of Tusculum)

The alleged history of two (2) centuries of battles between the “Guelph” cities and the “Ghibelline” cities is a deliberate and clumsy 16th Century fraud designed to hide both the continuation of the original and true Popes of the Roman Catholic Church as founded in the 8th Century CE and the bitter rivalry between the Italian states such as Genoa, Florence, Naples and Venice.

From 1215 and the first “official” recognition of the Roman Pontiff by Frederick II (1194-1250) of the House of Hohenstaufen until The Golden Bull of Charles IV in 1356, there were thirteen (13) “elected” by the Consiglio Dieci (Council of Ten) of Venice and approved by the Holy Roman Emperor, without any conclave, being:

(i) Roman Pontiff Honorius I (III) (1216-1227) (Cencio Savelli di Conti) (Rome) ;and

(ii) Roman Pontiff Gregory III (IX) (1227-1241) (Ugolino Savelli di Conti) (Rome) ;and

(iii) Roman Pontiff Innocent III (IV) (1241-1254)  (Matteo Rosso Orsini, son of Giacinto Orsini) (Rome) ;and

(iv) Roman Pontiff Alexander II (IV) (1254-1261) (Rinaldo Savelli di Conti) (Rome) ;and

(v) Roman Pontiff Urban II (IV) (1261-1268) (Giovanni Colonna) (Rome) ;and

(vi) Roman Pontiff Gregory IV (X) (1268-1274) (Tedaldo Visconti of Pisa) (Rome) ;and

(vii) Roman Pontiff Innocent IV (V) (1274-1277) (Ottaviano Savelli di Conti) (Rome) ;and

(viii) Roman Pontiff Nicholas I (III) (1277-1285) (Rome) (Giovanni Caetani-Orsini, son of Matteo Rosso Orsini) (Rome) ;and

(ix) Roman Pontiff Honorius II (IV) (1285-1288) (Rome) (Giovanni Visconti, son of Tedaldo Visconti of Pisa) (Rome) ;and

(x) Roman Pontiff Nicholas II (IV) (1288-1294) (Rome) (Giacomo Savelli, son of Ugolino Savelli di Conti) (Rome) ;and

(xi) Roman Pontiff Boniface I (VIII) (1294-1314) (Benedetto Caetani-Orsini) (Rome) ;and

(xii) Roman Pontiff John I (XXII) (1314-1347) (Peter von Aspelt formerly of Mainz) (Rome) ;and

(xiii) Roman Pontiff Innocent V (VI) (1347-1362) (Matteo Orsini) (Rome).

From 1356 following the Golden Bull of Charles IV in 1356 which mandated the election of the Pontiff by Papal Conclave, elected by Cardinal-electors with the Holy Roman Emperor possessing the right to veto until Francis II (1792-1806)  being the last Holy Roman Emperor, there have been fifty one (51) Roman Pontiffs elected by conclave to the Papacy being:

(i) Roman Pontiff Urban III (V) ((1362-1370) (Guillaume Farinier, former O.F.M. Minister General);and

(ii) Roman Pontiff Gregory V (XI) (1370-1378) (Francesco Tebaldeschi-Conti);and

(iii) Roman Pontiff Urban III (VI) (1378-1389) (Bartolomeo Prignano, Naples) ;and

(iv) Roman Pontiff Boniface II (IX) (1389-1404) (Piero Tomacelli, Naples) ;and

(v) Roman Pontiff Innocent VI (VII) (1404-1406) (Cosimo de Migliorati, Naples);and

(vi) Roman Pontiff Gregory VI (XII) (1406-1415) (Angelo Corraro, Venice);and

(vii) Roman Pontiff John II (XXIII) (1410-1415) (Baldassare Cossa, Naples) ;and

(viii) Roman Pontiff Martin I (V) (1417-1431) (Odo Colonna-Orsini, Venice) ;and

(ix) Roman Pontiff Eugene I (IV) (1431-1447) (Gabriele Condulmer-Corraro, Venice)

(x) Roman Pontiff Nicholas III (V) (1447-1455) (Tommaso Parentucelli, Florence) ;and

(xi) Roman Pontiff Callixtus II (III) (1455-1458) (Alfonso Borja, Sicily) ;and

(xii) Roman Pontiff Pius I (II) (1458-1464) (Enea Silvio Piccolomini,Florence) ;and

(xiii) Roman Pontiff Paul I (II) (1464-1471) (Pietro Barbo-Corraro, Venice) ;and

(xiv) Roman Pontiff Sixtus I (IV) (1471-1484) (Francesco della Rovere, Genoa) ;and

(xv) Roman Pontiff Innocent VII (VIII) (1484-1492) (Giovanni Battista Cibo, Genoa)

(xvi) Roman Pontiff Alexander III (VI) (1492-1503) (Rodrigo Borja, son of Alfonso Borja, Sicily)

(xvii) Roman Pontiff Pius II (III) (1503-1503) (Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini,Florence)

(xviii) Roman Pontiff Julius I (II) (1503-1513) (Giuliano della Rovere, Genoa)

(xix) Roman Pontiff Leo II (X) (1513-1522) (Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici,Florence)

(xx) Roman Pontiff Clement I (VII) (1523-1534) (Giulio di Giuliano de Medici, Florence)

(xxi) Roman Pontiff Paul II (III) (1534-1549) (Alessandro Farnese (Orsini), Venice)

(xxii) Roman Pontiff Julius II (III) (1550-1555) (Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte)

(xxiii) Roman Pontiff Paul III (IV) (1555-1559) (Giovanni Pietro Carafa, Naples)

(xxiv) Roman Pontiff Pius III (IV) (1559-1565) (Giovanni Angelo de Medici,Florence)

(xxv) Roman Pontiff Pius IV (V) (1566-1572) (Rome) (Antonio Ghislieri, Milan)

(xxvi) Roman Pontiff Gregory VII (XIII) (1572-1585) (Rome) (Ugo Boncompagni, Bologna)

(xxvii) Roman Pontiff Sixtus II (V) (1585-1590) (Felice Peretti di Montalto, Venice); and

(xxviii) Roman Pontiff Urban IV (VII) (1590-1590) (Giovanni Battista Castagna, Genoa); and

(xxix) Roman Pontiff Gregory VIII (XIV) (1590-1591) (Niccolò Sfondrati, Milan); and

(xxx) Roman Pontiff Innocent VIII (IX) (1591-1591) (Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, Bologna); and

(xxxi) Roman Pontiff Clement II (VIII) (1592-1605) (Ippolito Aldobrandini, Florence); and

(xxxii) Roman Pontiff Leo III (XI) (1605-1605) (Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, Florence); and

(xxxiii) Roman Pontiff Paul IV (V) (1605-1621) (Camillo Borghese, Siena); and

(xxxiv) Roman Pontiff Gregory IX (XV) (1621-1623) (Alessandro Ludovisi, Bologna); and

(xxxv) Roman Pontiff Urban V (VIII) (1623-1644) (Maffeo Barberini, Florence); and

(xxxvi) Roman Pontiff Innocent IX (X) (1644-1655) (Giovanni Battista Pamphili); and

(xxxvii) Roman Pontiff Alexander IV (VII) (1655-1667) (Fabio Chigi, Siena); an

(xxxviii) Roman Pontiff Clement III (IX) (1667-1669) (Giulio Rospigliosi, Pistoia); and

(xxxix) Roman Pontiff Clement IV (X) (1670-1676) (Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, Venice); and

(xl) Roman Pontiff Innocent X (XI) (1676-1689) (Benedetto Odescalchi, Genoa); and

(xli) Roman Pontiff Alexander V (VIII) (1689-1691) (Pietro Vito Ottoboni, Venice); and

(xlii) Roman Pontiff Innocent XI (XII) (1691-1700) (Antonio Pignatelli, Naples); and

(xliii) Roman Pontiff Clement V (XI) (1700-1721) (Giovanni Francesco Albani, Urbino); and

(xliv) Roman Pontiff Innocent XI (XIII) (1721-1724) (Michelangelo Conti); and

(xlv) Roman Pontiff Benedict I (XIII) (1724-1730) (Pietro Francesco Orsini); and

(xlvi) Roman Pontiff Clement VI (XII) (1730-1740) (Lorenzo Corsini, Florence); and

(xlvii) Roman Pontiff Benedict II (XIV)  (1740-1758) (Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, Bologna); and

(xlviii) Roman Pontiff Clement VII (XIII) (1758-1769) (Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico, Venice); and

(xlix) Roman Pontiff Clement VIII (XIV) (1769-1774) (Giovanni Vincenzo Ganganelli, Venice); and

(l) Roman Pontiff Pius V (VI) (1775-1799) (Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, Venice); and

(li) Roman Pontiff Pius VI (VII) (1800-1823) (Barnaba Niccolò Chiaramonti, Venice).

The year 1215 represents the last year a true Roman Catholic Pope was seated in Rome being Vicarius Christi (Pope) Celestine III who was forced into exile at Avignon, France after Frederick II (1197-1250) of the House of Hohenstaufen chose to “officially” recognize the Roman Death Cult instead of the true apostolic successors of the Roman Catholic Church (Romanum Ecclesia Catholicus).

The alleged “Western Schism” also known as the “Papal Schism” is an absurd and clumsy 17th Century historic fraud designed to hide the fact that the true Popes of the true and original Roman Catholic Church since its founding in the 8th Century under the Carolingians continued to rival the Roman cult right up to the 15th Century.

From 1806 following the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire under Francis II (1792-1806)  there have been fourteen (14) Roman Pontiffs elected being:

(i) Roman Pontiff Leo IV (XII) (1823-1829) (Annibale Francesco della Genga, Venice); and

(ii) Roman Pontiff Pius VII (VIII) (1829-1830) (Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, Venice); and

(iii) Roman Pontiff Gregory X (XVI) (1831-1846) (Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, Venice); and

(iv) Roman Pontiff Pius VIII (IX) (1846-1878) (Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, Senigallia); and

(v) Roman Pontiff Leo V (XIII) (1878-1903) (Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci, Carpineto Romano); and

(vi) Roman Pontiff Pius IX (X) (1903-1914) (Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, Venice); and

(vii) Roman Pontiff Benedict III (XV) (1914-1922) (Giacomo Paolo della Chiesa, near Genoa); and

(viii) Roman Pontiff Pius X (XI) (1922-1939) (Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, Venice); and

(ix) Roman Pontiff Pius XI (XII) (1939-1958) (Eugenio Marìa Pacelli, Rome); and

(x) Roman Pontiff John III (XXIII) (1958-1963) (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, Sotto il Monte); and

(xi) Roman Pontiff Paul V (VI) (1963-1978) (Giovanni Battista Montini, Concesio); and

(xii) Roman Pontiff John Paul I (1978-1978) (Albino Luciani, Venice); and

(xiii) Roman Pontiff John Paul II (1978-2005) (Karol Józef Wojtyła, Poland); and

(xiv) Roman Pontiff Benedict IV (XVI) (2005-) (Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, Germany).