II.   Sovereign

Gens refers to a family tribe consisting of all those individuals who share the same nomen and claimed descent from a common ancestor. A group of gens was then referred to as gentes.

The Latin word gens is sourced and shortened from genus meaning “birth, descent, race, kind, class, species”. Hence, gens literally means a family race, class or species”.

Unlike a generalized tribe which traditionally incorporated a variety or roles and functions within a family group, a Roman gens more closely represented the ancient Hyksos social structure of Egypt whereby families and larger family groups tended to specialize into certain fields such as military service, arts, priests or particular types of commerce.

Roman society divided itself essentially into three (3) main Gens being Patrician, Plebian and Proletari:

(i) The term patrician originally referred to the “highest class” of elite priest and noble families or “gentes” that influenced the foundation of ancient Rome and by default the early Roman Empire; and

(ii) The term plebian, also sometimes referred to as "equestrian" class originally referred to the “lowest class” families or “gentes” of free and land-owning Roman citizens known as “civis”; and

(iii) The term proletarian, also known as the “capite censi”, originally referred to the “lowest class” of Roman citizens being free and land - owning Roman citizens known as “municeps” of Roman provinces.

The word patrician is sourced from ancient Greek word πατρικός (patrikós) meaning “fatherly, paternal” and refers to the original members and their families of the Roman Senate who were known as “patres” or “fathers of Rome”.

The word plebeian is sourced from ancient Latin word plebeius meaning “low or common”. The word equestrian is derived from equis meaning "horse".

The word proletarian is sourced from ancient Latin word proles meaning “lowest offspring or lowest race”.

The term “capite censi” is sourced from Latin meaning literally “those counted by head” in reference to the ancient Roman census system that occurred every five (5) years.

The Patrician gens by default were those original Yahudi colonists from Cumae and Reggio and earlier from šumur (Chaldis) and šulumur (Erétria) in Greece. Later, Patrician status was granted to the priestly classes of Yahudi descendents and diaspora around the world such as Ireland, Tarsus, Syria, Baalbek, Persia and Jerusalem.

The Plebians were originally those Persian militia who came under Darius in the 6th Century and later in the 5th Century BCE under Xerxes who were granted citizenship if they remained and fought for Rome. Later Plebian status was granted to noble and military leaders of conquered lands that pledged absolute loyalty to Rome.

The Proletari gens did not emerge as the third class until the 2nd Century BCE when people in conquered territories were able to “purchase” citizenship through service in the Legion or a straight out financial purchase if a trader. Thus, the creation of the Proletari that could be earned through military service to Rome was one of the key reasons the Roman were able to recruit numbers to serve in their armies.