Twelve Tables of Rome

Lex Duodecim Tabularum


iconTable VI. Ownership and Possession Rights

1When one makes a bond and a conveyance of property, as he has made formal declaration so let it be binding.
2Where a slave is ordered to be free by a will, upon his compliance with a certain condition, and he complies with the condition; or if, after having paid his price to the purchaser, he claims his liberty, he shall be free.
3Articles sold and handed over (venditae et traditae) are not acquired by a buyer otherwise than when he has paid the price to the seller of has satisfied him in some other way, that is, be providing a guarantor or a security.
4When anyone contracts a legal obligation with reference to his property, or sells it, by making a verbal statement or agreement concerning the same, this shall have the force and effect of law.
5If the party should afterwards deny his statements, and legal proceedings are instituted, he shall, by way of penalty, pay double the value of the property in question.
6Acquisition by possession [usucapio] of movable things requires one year's possession for its completion, but for an estate and buildings, two years.
7Any woman who did not wish to be subjected in this manner to the hand (in manum) of her husband should be absent for 3 nights in succession every year, and so interrupt the usucapio of each year.
8Personal seizure [of disputed property] is done directly on the thing or in the place in question, in the presence of the magistrate.
9Where anyone demands freedom for another against the claim of servitude, the magistrate shall render judgment in favor of liberty.
10Anyone shall not dislodge from its framework a beam fixed in buildings or vineyards. . . double amount of damage against the person found guilty of fixing such beam.
11Beams which have been prepared for building purposes, but not attached to a building or a vineyard can be recovered by the owner, if stolen.
12If a husband desires to divorce his wife, he must give a reason for doing so.