Twelve Tables of Rome

Lex Duodecim Tabularum


iconTable VII. Compensation Rights

1If a quadruped [animal] causes injury to anyone, let the owner tender him the estimated amount of the damage; and if he is unwilling to accept it, the owner shall, by way of reparation, surrender the animal that caused the injury.
2If you cause any unlawful damage . . . . accidentally and unintentionally, you must make good the loss, either by tendering what has caused it, or by payment.
3Anyone who, by means of incantations and magic arts, prevents grain or crops of any kind belonging to another from growing, shall be sacrificed to Ceres.
4Anyone who annoys another by means of magic incantations or diabolical arts, and renders him inactive, or ill; or who prepares or administers poison to him, shall be sacrificed to Ceres.
5When someone, in any way, causes an injury to another which is not serious, he shall be punished with a fine of twenty bronze coins.
6If one has maimed a limb and does not compromise with the injured person, let there be retaliation.
7If one has broken a bone of a freeman with his hand or with a cudgel, let him pay a penalty of three hundred bronze coins If he has broken the bone of a slave, let him pay one hundred and fifty bronze coins.
8If one shall permit himself to be summoned as a witness, or has been a weigher, if he does not give his testimony, let him be noted as dishonest and incapable of acting again as witness. Anyone who gives false testimony shall be hurled from the Tarpeian Rock.
9If anyone knowingly and maliciously kills a freeman, he shall be guilty of a capital crime. If he kills him by accident, without malice and unintentionally, let him substitute a ram to be sacrificed publicly by way of expiation for the homicide of the deceased, and for the purpose of appeasing the children of the latter.
10Anyone who kills their ascendant [father], shall have his head wrapped in a cloth, and after having been sewed up in a sack, shall be thrown into the water.
11Where anyone is guilty of fraud in the administration of a guardianship, he shall be considered infamous; and, even after the guardianship has been terminated, if any theft is proved to have been committed, he shall, by the payment of double damages, be compelled to make good the loss which he caused.
12When a patron defrauds his client, he shall be dedicated to the infernal gods.