II.   Sovereign

An annuity is a 17th Century financial invention in which the future income derived from the productivity of real property of an estate including the people borne on the land treated as animals or “chattel” which could be hypothecated through a trust agreement and made available as lump sum payment, cashflow or some other form to the lord of the manor in exchange for future payments deducted from future estate income.

The word “annuity” is a 17th Century invented word from the medieval Latin annuitas meaning “an investment that entitles one to equal annual payments” itself derived from annus meaning “year”.

Unlike previous insurance and surety products, annuities were and remain based on a core set of presumptions concerning certain persons and surety:

(i) An estate possessing real property including men and women treated as persons “owned” by the estate and flesh beings acting as surety to the persons; and

(ii) An authorized seller (issuer) on behalf of the estate who agrees to provide a yearly sum stipulated to be paid in fee, or for life, or years, usually based on the expected income produced by the peasant; and

(iii) A Contributor, also known as the Purchaser or “annuitant” who agrees to provide either a lump sum (single payment) or a series of regular payments prior to the commencement of the annuity; and

(iv) A Deed of Trust, usually in establishing a new Cestui Que Trust where the Person “owned” by the Estate becomes the beneficiary, the Lord becomes the seller and a bank becomes the purchaser.

The claims that annuities existed prior to the 17th Century in English law and in practice in history is deliberately false and designed to hide the unique and core presumptions upon which annuities function:

(i) Forms of surety and underwriting of goods against loss during transport was well established within ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, the Celts and later the Phoenicians and Persians. However, these financial agreements did not function in the manner of annuities; and

(ii) Forms of surety and honor price against injury or accident within society is well established within Irish Celtic culture over three thousand five hundred (3,500) years ago, including its revival under the Carolingian Empire. However, this is completely different to annuities; and

(iii) The claims that the Romans approved and used annuities within the Pagan and later Christian Empire is an absurdity as the source texts are deliberate 16th Century frauds and there is no factual example of the Romans permitting hypothecating the future production of slaves as per an annuity nor the payment of the retirement of legionnaires in such a manner; and

(iv) Evidence of hypothecating land revenues exists in manner settings, such as European regions during the middle ages. However, such agreements were focused on the output not on the treatment of the peasants as purely livestock in the manner of annuities.

The birth of annuities emerged not from Europe, but as a solution for Parishes in response to the expenses of supporting disenfranchised peasants in lieu with the Poor Law (1601) and later in the financing of war debt:

(i) The continued forced removal of peasants from the land, destruction of villages and deprivation of rights through greedy nobles continued to accelerate under Queen Elizabeth resulting in several famous riots that risked briefly the survival of the Crown;

(ii) In 1601, the Poor Law demanded that parishes find means of shelter, food and useful “work” for those peasants thrown off the land. The creation of annuities within thirty (30) years enabled those parishes to obtain capital on the promise of future productive work of the poor, initially in the building of workhouses, being little more than prisons for poor men, woman and children to perform slave labor; and

(iii) In 1693, Charles Montague, 1st Earl of Halifax proposed the use of a modified form of annuities underwritten by the government through Royal Charter called “government bonds” that would be offered for sale at a fixed annual return as a means of solving the debt crisis. Even the initial stock sold to the Bank of England listed the certificates as “annuities” until removing the word in later issue; and

(iv) The success of the fundraising by the Chartered Bank of England using annuities was solidified through the Annuities Act 1703 (3 Anne c.2) of Queen Anne which defined the use of Life Annuities derived from ownership claims of Crown Land for the payment of war debt; and

(v) By 1743 and the first Textile Factory being established using the technology of John Wyatt at Birmingham, the number of workhouses for the poor managed by parishes of the Anglican Church had grown to over four hundred (400) and over twenty four thousand (24,000) poor souls; and

(vi) In 1751, British Parliament enacted a consolidation of annuity based securities into one (1), single issue. This instrument carried a fixed, three percent (3%) annual rate, which was dubbed the “Consolidated Annuity” and also known as the “Perpetual Bond” and the “Consol” which had no maturity date and was redeemable at any time deemed appropriate by the British government; and

(vii) In 1770 Frederick North led the Tories as Prime Minister (1770-1782) to power in Parliament. He quickly rushed a raft of laws in favor of industrialists, entrepreneurs through Parliament, including the Inclosure Act 1773 which “opened the flood gates” by granting land nobles unprecedented power to disenfranchise the peasants and destroy ancient villages. The resulting explosion of poor in the hands of the Church of England forced a revamp of Parish Life Annuities and a huge windfall to the Bank of England and the Tories; and

(viii) In 1774, the Society of Lloyds was formed by politicians, industrialists and lawyers with the specific goal of profiting from the underwriting of the forced transportation of the poor and prisoners as slaves through the purchase of the Life Annuities from the Church of England and the British Government. At least fifteen thousand (15,000) were shipped to the American Colonies and then re-sold as white slaves before the start of the Revolutionary War. During the fighting, some ten thousand (10,000) to twenty five thousand (25,000) people died of disease and starvation on rotting hulks owned by the Society of Lloyds waiting for transportation to be sold as white slaves; and

(ix) By 1776, there were approximately one thousand eight hundred (1800) workhouses and over one hundred thousand (100,000) poor souls condemned to them, all underwritten by Parish Life Annuities; and

(x) In 1787, the Society of Lloyds funded the “First Fleet of convicts to Australia in the hope of removing the backlog of prisoners rotting on prison hulks in English ports. In the subsequent years, Lloyds successfully purchased the Life Annuities and insured the transportation of more than one hundred sixty five thousand (165,000) souls to Australia; and

(xi) By 1783, the Society of Lloyds was able to resume the sale of white slaves from England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland to the wealthy “patriot” families of the former American colonies. By 1802 following the formation of the United Kingdom, there was a significant increase of white child slaves sold to wealthy American industrialists with over two hundred thirty thousand (230,000) mostly Irish children alone sold into slavery to the hands of famous American leaders and their plantations by 1850 with their parents either murdered or starved by a mercenary force of over one hundred thousand (100,000) in Ireland until 1851. All records of the massive profits made by the English politicians, industrialists and lawyers and their American compatriots were “lost” in a mysterious fire which destroyed the Royal Exchange in 1838;