II.   Sovereign

Copyhold is a late 17th Century legal fiction describing a type of estate whereby the privileges and rights of use of property granted or entitled to a tenant are defined in accordance with the record books or “court rolls” of a manor and a “copy” or “receipt” or “certificate” of such rights then handed to the tenant or their appointed guardian as proof as the “holder”.

From its inception, a Copyhold Estate is based on several elements:

(i) A pre-existing larger manor or estate possessing the legal rights of a Lord-Servant, or Guardian-Ward, or Parent-Infant relationship over the creation of a new Copyhold Estate; and

(ii) The custom or law permitting the legal existence and rights of the larger manor or estate and the existence of official records, also known as “rolls” or “court rolls”; and

(iii) The existence of a competent legal forum or court within the government of the larger manor or estate to the proof of copyholders and any agreement, dispute or resolution; and

(iv) A person under the jurisdiction of the larger manor or estate to whom some form of Copyhold Estate is due; and

(v) An official person connected with the larger manor or estate with the power and authority to create one (1) or more cestui que vie trusts as well as arrange for the administration of the copyhold estates on behalf of infants, incompetent and other unqualified tenants.

While the function and use of Copyhold was in operation from the time of the Parliamentary Coup from 1688 onwards, contrary to deliberately false insertions of the term in previous acts, the first Act of Parliament to define the parameters and operation of Copyhold was in 1722 by George I of Great Britain (9 G.I. c.29)

Generally all lands and tenements within the Manor or whatsoever concerning Lands or Tenements may be granted by Copyhold.

The legal and statutory invention of Copyhold Estates enabled a number of changes to be introduced:

(i) Tenants at Will could be converted to Copyhold Tenants and in the process deprive them of ancient rights and privileges of remedy; and

(ii) Copyhold disenfranchised tenants from making their estates inheritable, with land owners no longer needing to go through the complex process of escheat in order to have franchises return to the larger estate; and

(iii) Lords and officials could legally establish the Copyhold Estate via Cestui Que Vie Estates on behalf of the ward, lunatic, female or servant; and

(iv) Unless the ward, lunatic, female or servant paid the appropriate fine, then the lord, or estate or officials could enjoy the profits and fruits of the estate.

All estates where persons are the beneficiary are by default “copyhold” estates as:

(i) Person is an infant born from the belly of the Statute; and

(ii) Copyhold is the property of PERSONS born from registration in Rolls; and

(iii) Will is the mind of the Person concerning their Copyhold Estate defined by Statute and recorded Deed.