II.   Sovereign

The Exchequer, or more formally the “Court of the Exchequer” is a private franchise first formed in the 16th Century (but claimed of much older provenance) possessing the rights as "Principal of the Crown" or simply "Principal" to control and enclose commerce, collect taxes and to distribute funds through the hypothecation of valuables given or granted in trust then recorded against accounts for the conduct and settlement of trade including official business of the state through the management of such accounts, funds, valuables and associated derivative instruments on behalf of the “crown”.

The word Exchequer is derived from the Anglaise word eschequier meaning “chessboard” in direct reference to the chessboard literally referring to all commerce and trade of the realm and the public “squares” of commerce consistent with 14th Century “plaza” banking model. Thus the phrase “Court of Exchequer” literally means "Private Public (Bank)".

In contradiction to the false historical claims of the Court of Exchequer, its formation was under King Henry VIII (1508-1547) of England and Wales in agreement with the House (Bank) of Pisano of Venice for a series of loans beginning with 40,000 gold ducats in 1518-19 to remodel the English economy, military and government:

(i) Contrary to false history, the English had little to no organized record keeping, low literacy and relatively poor economy prior to the arrival of the Venetians and Pisan exiles; and

(ii) The “new banking” model of Venice both enclosed trade and commerce through sophisticated record keeping (Venetian double entry bookkeeping) as well as generating substantial increases in trade and revenue; and

(iii) While the public statutes of 1516 to 1522 have been deliberately lost or destroyed, it is probable that the false claims of Exchequer statutes dating earlier are based on the acts passed during this period; and

(iv) The reference to the word “court” is in respect of the conduct of private business within the Venetian pseudo-legal procedures of the Venetian private banks, not as is presumed an adaption of the Curia (Legal Chambers) or “halls” of ancient Feudal and Sacred (Carolingian) law; and

(v) The success of the House of Pisani in acquiring the control of taxation and revenue collection for the Crown of England as the Court of Exchequer, encouraged other Venetian noble families to offer further loans and rewards in the enclosure or “privatization” of other areas of Crown business including the Courts of Assize by the House (Bank) of Priuli and the Courts of Wards and Liveries by the House (Bank) of Barbaro; and

(vi) In the 17th Century when the Venetian and Pisan nobles staged a coup de’tat to take over control sparking the first Civil War in England, the defeat of the Parliamentary forces saw the abolition of certain court franchises and the sale of the Court of Exchequer to the Inns of Court, also known as the Inner and Middle Temple; and

(vii) In the 19th Century, upon the Bank of England assuming effective control of the Government of Great Britain due to debts, the bankers regained effective control of the Exchequer by creating the Exchequer of the United Kingdom controlled by the Bank.